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梵文第2-10类动词语言交流
第二类动词
ad to eat; deri. jagdha or annam (food), antum, jagdhva_, prajagdhya, a_divas or jaks.ivas
an to breathe
as to be
a_s to sit, to be; deri. a_si_na, upa_sya
i to go; deri. ita, e_tum, itva_, upe_tya, yat, e_s.yat, i_yivaas
i with adhi to think of, to remember; deri. adhi_ta, adhye_tum
i with adhi to study
i_ to go, to pervade, to conceive, to desire, to throw, to eat; deri. i_ta, e_tum, ayat, aya_cakr.vas
i_d. to praise
i_r to go, to shake
i_s' to rule, to command, to possess powder
u_rn.u to cover
kas', kas to go, to punish
kam.s to go, to destroy
ku to hum
ks.u to sneeze
ks.n.u to whet
khya_ to relate, to tell
caka_s to shine, to be bright or prosperous
caks. to speak, to tell, to see; deri. khya_ta or ks'a_ta
jaks. to eat, to consume, to laugh
ja_gr. to be awake or watchful
tu to go, to grow, to kill; deri. tuta, to_tum
daridra_ to be poor; to be distressed
da_ to cut
diks. to increase; to anoint; smear; to soil; deri. digdha; dhe_ks.yat
didhi_ to shine; to appear
duh to milk; to extract; to yield; deri. dugdha, duhya or do_hya
dyu to assail, to advance towards; deri. dyuta, dyavya
dra_ to run, to fly, to be spoiled, to sleep; deri. dra_n.a, nidra_ya
dvis. to hate; to dislike
nij to wash
nim.s to kiss
nu to praise; deri. nuta, navya or na_vya, navitum, nutva_
pa_ to protect; to fgovern; to preserve
pij to tinge; to colour; to join; to divide; to speak inarticulately
pr.c to come in contact with; to touch
pr.j to dye
pra_ to fill
psa_ to devour; to eat
bru_ to speak; to say; to tell; deri. ukta, uktva_, vaktum
ma_ to shine; to appear; to be
ma_ to measure; to limit; deri. mita, ma_tavya, me_ya, ma_tum, unma_ya
mr.j to cleanse; to purify; to wipe off
ya_ to go; to attend to; to go or pass away; to attempt; to perceive
yu to mix; to join; to separate; deri. yuta, yavya, yutva_, yuyuvas
ra_ to give; to grant
ru to cry; to roar; to shout; to sound; deri. ruta, ravya
rud to shed tears; to cry; to weep; to lament
la_ to take; to give; to melt; deri. la_ta, la_syat, lalivas
lih to lick; to taste; deri. li_d.ha, le_d.havya, le_hya, le_d.hum, li_d.hva_
vac to speak; to read; to name; to call; to announce
vas' to wish; to long for; deri. us'ita
vas to wear, to dress; deri. vasita
va_ to go; to blow; to hurt; to injure; to kill; to move
vid to know; to learn; to find out; to consider (with sam. to recognize)
vi_ to go; to pervade; to be born; to be impregnate; to desire; to throw; to eat; to conceive
vr.j to avoid, to abandon
ve_vi_ (a Vedic root) to go, to pervade, to be born, to impregnate, to desire, to throw, to eat
s'a_s to teach, to inform, to rule, to command, to punish, to advise; deri. s'is.t.a, s'is.ya, s'a_sitva_
s'a_s to desire, to seek, to bless, to praise
s'ij to tinkle, to rattle, to whisper
s'i_ to sleep, to lie down; deri. s'ayita, s'e_ya
s'ra_ to cook, to boil; deri. s'ra_n.a, s'r.ta, s'ra_tum, s'as'rivas
s'vas to breath, to sigh, to hiss
sas (a Vedic root) to sleep
sam.st (a Vedic root) to sleep
su to bring forth, to possess supremacy, to permit
su_ to bring forth as a child; deri. su_ta, so_tavya or savitavya, savya or sa_vya, so_tum or savitum
stu to praise, to glorify, to worship by hymns
sna_ to bathe; deri. sna_ta; nis.n.a_ta (skilled in)
snu to ooze
svap to sleep, to lie down; deri. supta, sus.upta, vis.upta
han to kill, to go; deri. hata, hantavya, gha_tya or vadhya, ghat, ghna_nam, hanis.yat, jaghanvas
hnu to conceal, to take away, to deny
第三类动词
r. to go (with sam. to join)
ki (a Vedic root) to know; cike_ti
ga_ (a Vedic root) to praise, to be born; jagau, ga_syati
ghr. (a Vedic root) to sprinkle, to shine; jigharti; ghriya_sam
jan (a Vedic root) to be born; jajanti, jaati, janya_sam
tur (a Vedic root) to make haste
da_ to give
dhan (a Vedic root) to bear fruit, to produce crops of grain; dadha_na, dhanita_smi; dhanya_sam
dha_ to hold, to put, to maintain, to give, to grant, to bear, to assume, to have; deri. hita, dhe_ya, hitva_; dadha_na
dhis. (a Vedic root) to sound; didhe_s.a
nij to wash, to purify, to nourish; deri. nikta; nijya, ne_ktum, niktva_
pr. to protect, to fill, to promote, to deliver; deri. pr.a, pa_rya or pr.tya, partum, pr.tva_
pr._ to protect, to fill, to gratify (as hopes), to blow (as conch or flute); deri. pu_rn.a, pari(ri_)tum, pu_rtva_, prapu_rya, pupu_rvas or papruvas
bhas to censure, to blame, o shine
bhi_ to fear, to be afraid of, to be anxious about; deri. bhi_ta, bhe_tum
bhr. to bear, to support, to nourish, to protect, to produce, to bestow, to hire
ma_ to measure, to weigh, to limit, to compare in size
vij to separate, to divide, to distinguish, to discern; deri. vikta, ve_ktum
vis. to pervade; deri. vis.t.a, ve_s.t.um, vis.t.va_
sr. to go
ha_ to abandon, to leave, to desert, to omit, to neglect; deri. hi_na, ha_tum, hitva_
ha_ to go, to attain; deri. ha_na, he_ya, ha_tum, hiva_
ha_ to go, to aggain; deri. ha_na, he_ya, ha_tva_
hu to sacrifice, to eat, to please; deri. huta, hutva_, ho_tum
hr. (a Vedic root) to take forcibly
nhi_ to blush, to be ashamed; deri. hi_ta or hi_n.a, he_tum, hitva_
第四类动词
an. to breathe; deri. an.ita
an to breath
as to throw; deri. asta, asitum, asivas--a_sa_na
is. to go
i_ to go; deri. i_ta, e_tum, i_tva_
uc to be gathered together
r.dh to increase, to prosper; deri. r.ddha, ardhitva_, ardhitum
ka_s' to shine
kut. to break into pieces
kuth to become putrid
kup to be angry; deri. kupitva_, ko_pitva_
kus to embrace, to surround; deri. kusitva_, kusitum or ko_situm
kr.s' to make or become emaciated; deri. kr.sa, prakr.sita, karitum, kars'itva_ or kr.zs'itva_
knas to be crooked in mind or body, to shine; deri. knasta, knasitva_ or knastva_
krudh to be angry; deri. kruddha, kro_ddhum
klad to make defective
klam to be fatigued; deri. kla_nta, klamitum; klamitva_ or kla_ntva_
klid to become wet; deri. klinna; kle_tavyam or kle_ditavya
klis' to be afflicted; to torment; deri. klis'ita or klis.t.a
ks.am to endure; to forgive
ks.ip to throw
ks.iv to spit; deri. ks.yuta, ks.yu_tva_, ks.e_vitva_
ks.i_ to kill
ks.udh to be hungry; deri. ks.udhita, ks.o_ddhum
ks.ubh to be agitated, to shake; deri. ks.ubhita or ks.ubdha
ks.vid., ks.vid to melt, to discharge; deri. ks.vin.n.a or ks.ve_dita, ks.ve_ditum, ks.viditva_ or ks.ve_ditva_
khid to be distresed; deri. khinna, khe_ttum, khittva_
gudh to cover
gup to be confused or disturbed; deri. gupita, gupitva_ or go_pitva_
gur to kill, to go; deri. gu_rn.a, gu_ritum
gr.dh to covet, to long for; deri. gardhitum
ghu_r to kill, to become old
cu_r to burn
cho_ to cut, to mow; deri. cha_ta or chita, cha_tum, chitva_
jan to be born, to grow, to become; deri. ja_ta, janitum, janitva_
jas to set free; deri. jasta, jasitva_ or jastva_, jasitum
ju_r to kill, to grow old, to be angry
jr._ to grow old, to decay, to perish, to be digested; deri. ji_rn.a, jari(ri_)tavya, ja_rya, jarya, jari(ri_)tum, anurji_rya, ji_ryat, jiji_rvas
jhr._ to grow old
d.ip to throw
d.i_ to fly; deri. d.i_na, d.i_yama_na
tap to be powerful, to injure, to perform penance; deri. tapta, taptva_, taptum, te_pa_na
tam to desire, to be fatigued; deri. ta_nta, tamitva_ or tamitva_, tamitum
tas to fade away, to become exhausted; deri. tasta, tasitva_ or tastva_, tasitum
tim to be wet, to be moist; deri. timita, tmitva_ or te_mitva_, te_mitum
tubh to kill
tus. to be pleased or delighted; deri. tus.t.a, tus.t.va_, paritus.ya, to_s.tum
tur to be quickly, to make haste, to hurt or kill
tr.p to be satisfied or pleased, to please or satisfy; deri. tr.pta, tarpitva_, tr.ptva_, tarpitum, tarptum, trapum
tr.s. to be thirsty, to wish; deri. tr.s.ita, tars.itum, tr.s.itva_ or tars.itva_
tras to fear, to tremble; deri. trasta, trasitva_, trasitum
dam to be quiet, to restrain, to tame, to subdue; deri. damita, da_nta, damitva_, da_ntva_, damitum, damathuh
das to perish; deri. dasa, dasitva_, dastva_, dasitum
div to play with dice or gamble, to desire; to overcome, to traffic, to shine, to praise, to be glad, to be mad or drunk, to be sleepy, to wish for, to go; deri dyu_na or dyu_ta; de_vitum; de_vitva_ or dyu_tva_; di_vyat; de_vis.yat; didivas
di_ to perish, to decay; deri. di_na, da_tavya; da_tum; di_tva_; prada_ya, didi_ya_na
di_p to shine, to burn, to be illustrious; deri. di_pta, di_pitva_; di_pitum
dus. to be soiled, to be impure, to sin; deri. dus.t.a; do_s.tum; dus.t.va_
dr.p to be glad; to be proud; deri. dr.pta; darpitva_ or dr.ptva_; darpitum or darptum or draptum
do_ to cut, to mow
druh to bear hatred, to seek to hurt; deri. dugdha or dru_d.a, dro_gdhavya or
dro_d.havya or dro_hitavya, dro_gdhum or dro_d.hum or dro_hitum
dhi_ to support, to hold, to despise; deri. dhi_na, dhe_tum, dhi_tva_
dhu_r to kill, to go
nabh to kill
nas' to disappear, to perish, to run away, to be unsucessful; deri. nas.t.a, nas.t.um or nas'itum
nah to tie, to arm or to put on oneself; deri. naddha, naddhum, naddhva_
nr.t to dance, to jesticulate; deri. nr.tta, nr.tya or nartya, nartitum, nartitva_
pat to be master of, to rule, to possess, to be fit for
pad to go, to attain, to observe; deri. panna, pattva_, patnum, prapadya
pi_ to drink
puth to kill
pus. to nourish, to support, to develop, to increase, to possess; deri. pus.t.a, po_s.t.um, po_s.ya
pus.p to blow, to flower
pu_r to fill, to satisfy, to be full, to be satisfied; deri. pu_rn.a or pu_rta
pri_ to please, to be satisfied, to feel affection for
plus. to burn, to scorch; deri. plo_s.itva_ or plus.itva_
bas to stop
bis to throw, to instigate, to go, to split, to grow
budh to know, to understand, to awake, to be restored to one's senses; deri. buddha, bo_ddhum, buddhva_, prabudhya
bus to discharge, to emit
byus to divide
bhr.s' to fall down; deri. bhr.s.t.a, bhras'itva_ or bhr.s.t.va_, bhars'itum
bhram to be unsteady, to wander, to totter
bhram.s' to fall down, to decrease, to escape; deri. bhras'yat, bhras.t.a, bhram.s'itva_ or bhras.t.va_, bhram.s'itum
mad to rejoice, to be poor or distressed, to be intoxicated or mad; deri. matta, maditva_, maditum
man to think, to suppose, to regard as, to esteem, to honour, to know; deri. mata, mantum, matva_, ma_nya
mas to measure, to charge for; deri. masta, masitva_, masitum
ma_ to measure
mid to be greasy, to be soft, to melt
mi_ to die, to perish, to kill, to hurt; deri. mi_na, me_tum, mitva_
mus., mus to destroy, to break, to steal; deri. mo_s.ita
muh to loose sense, to faint, to be bewildered, to err, to be foolish; deri. mugdha or mu_d.ha; mo_hitavya or mo_gdhavya or mo_d.havya; mo_hitum or mo_gdhum or mo_d.hum; mo_hitva_ or mugdhva_ or mu_d.hva_
mr.g to seek, to hunt
mr.s. to bear, to endure, to suffer
yas to strive, to endeavour, to labour; deri. yasta, yasitum; yasitva_ or yastva_
yuj to meditate, to curb one's mind, to concentrate the mind; deri. yukta; yo_gya or yo_jya; yo_ktum; yuktva_
yudh to fight, to contend with; deri. yuddha; yo_ddhum; yuddhva_
yup to confuse; deri. yupta; yupitva_
raj to please; rajjati, rajye_yam
radh to kill, to injure, to cook, to finish; deri. raddha, radhitum or raddhum; radhitva_ or raddhva_
ra_dh to grow, to be ready, to be favourable, to look to the welfare of; deri. ra_ddha; ra_ddhum; ra_ddhva_
ris. to kill, to destroy
ri_ to ooze, to flow; deri. ri_n.a; re_tum; ri_tva_
rudh to desire, to love, to comply with, to obey; deri. ruddha; ro_ddhum
rup to violate, to confound, to disturb; deri. rupta, rupitva_ or ro_pitva_ or ruptva_
rus. to kill
lis' to decrease, to become small; le_s.t.a_he_, le_ks.yate_, aliks.ata
li_ to adhere to, to be absorbed, to be dissolved, to hide in, to rest on, to disappear; deri. li_na; le_tum or la_tum; li_tva_; vila_ya or vili_ya
lut. to churn, to agitate, to roll, to wallow, to be connected with
lup to be confused, to vanish
lubh to covet, to long for, to allure; deri. lubdha,lo_bhitum or lo_bdhum; lubdhva_ or lubhitva_ or lo_bhitva_
vas to fix, to be straight; deri. vasta, vasitva_ or vastva_; vasitum
va_vr.t to choose; deri. va_vr.tta, va_vartitva_ or va_vr.ttva_, va_vartitum
va_s' to howl, to growl, to roar
vid to be, to exist; deri. vinna, vittva_, ve_ttum
vis to send
vus to divide
vr.t to choose, to like
vr.s' to choose, to like
vyadh to strike, to hurt, to stab, to pierce; deri. viddha, vidhdva_
vyus. to divide, to burn (in the last sense avyo_s.i_t)
vri_ to choose
vri_d. to throw, to be ashamed
s'ak to endure, to be able; deri. s'akita or s'akta, s'akitum or s'aktum, s'e_kivas-s'e_ka_na
s'ap to curse, to swear
s'am to be calm; deri. s'a_nta, s'amya or s'a_mya, s'a_ntva_ or s'amitva_, s'amitum
s'uc to be wet, to be clean; deri. s'akta, s'ucitva_ or s'o_citva_, s'o_citum
s'udh to become pure, to be made clear; deri. s'uddha
s'us. to become dry, to be withered; deri s'us.ka, s'o_s.t.um, s'us.t.va_
s'u_r to strike, to be firm
s'o_ to whet, to make thin; deri. s'ita or s'a_ta, s'am.sita (well finished), s'a_tum, s'a_tva_ or s'itva_
s'ram to perform acts of penance, to be fatigued; deri. s'ra_nta, s'ramitva_ or s'ra_ntva_, s'ramitum
s'li_s. to embrace, to adhere to, to unite
s.t.hiv o spit
sam to change form
sah to satisfy, to be plesed; sahita, sahitum, sahitva_
sidh to be accomplished, to succeed, to be thoroughly prepared; deri. siddha, se_ddhum, sidhdva_
siv to sew, to sow (as seed); deri. syu_ta, se_vitva_ or syu_tva_, se_vitum
suh to be satisfied
su_ to bring forth as a child
sr.j to be abandoned, to drop; deri. sr.s.t.a, sras.t.um, sr.s.t.va
so_ to put an end to, to kill, to finish; deri. sita, sa_tum, sitva_
stim, sti_m to become wet, to moist
stu_p to pile, to collect, to erect
snas to reject, to eject; deri. snasta, snasitva_ or snastva_, snasitum
snih to feel affection for, to love, to be kind to; deri. snigdha or sni_d.ha, snihitva_ or sne_hitva_ or snigdhva_ or sni_d.hva_, sne_hitum, sne_d.hum or sne_gdhum
snus to eat, to take, to disappear; deri. snusta, snusitva_ or snustva_, sno_situm
snuh to vomit
sniv to go, to dry; deri. snyu_ta, sne_vitva_ or snivitva_ or snyu_tva_, sne_vitum
svid to perspire; deri. svinna, svittva_, sve_ttum
hr.s. to rejoice, to exult, to stand erect as hair; deri. hr.s.t.a or hr.s.ita, hars.itum, hars.itva_
第五类动词
as' to pervade, to heap, to obtain, to go to; deri. as.t.a, as'itum or as.t.um
ah to pervade
a_p to pervade, to obtain, to occupy, to reach; deri. a_pta, a_ptum, a_ptva_
r. (a Vedic root) to kill
r.ks.i (a Vedic root) to kill
r._dh to increase, to prosper, to please
ks.i (a Vedic root) to kill
kr. to kill; deri. kr.ta, kartum, kr.tva_
cam (a Vedic root) to eat; camno_ti
ci to collect, to cover; deri. cita, ce_ttum, citva_
ciri, jiri (Vedic roots) to kill
tik, tig to assail, to go, to seek, to injure or kill, to challenge
tigh to kill, to challenge
tr.p to please or to be pleased
dagh to destroy, to protect
dambh to deceive, to injure; deri. dabdha, dambhitum, dabdhva_ or dambhitva_
da_s' (a Vedic root) to kill
du to give pain, to burn, to be distressed; deri. duta, do_tum, dutva_
dr. (a Vedic root) to kill
dhu to shake; to tremble
dhu_ to shake, to excite; deri. dhu_ta, dho_tum; dhavitum; dhu_tva_
dhr.s. to be bold, confident, impudent or impatient; to challenge; deri. dhars.ita or dhr.s.t.a, dhars.itum-dhars.itva_
pr. to please; pr.n.o_ti
mi to throw, to scatter; deri. mita, mitva_, ma_tum, mitrima (mayane_nanivr.ttam)
ra_dh to accomplish; to kill; to propitiate; ra_dhno_ti
ri to kill; rin.o_ti
vr. to choose; to solicit; to cover; to surround; to restrain; deri. vr.ta, vari(ri_)tum, vr.tva_
s'ak to be able; to be powerful; to bear; deri. s'akta, s'aktum, s'aktva_
s'i to whet; to excite
sagh to kill
sa_dh to accomplish
si to tie
su to cause to bathe: to churn; to pour out; to bathe; to press out juice; to distil
sthigh to ascend; to assail
stu to cover
spr. (a Vedic root) to gratify, to defend, to shake
smr. (a Vedic root) to remember; to recollect
hi to go; to grow
ad to eat; deri. jagdha or annam (food), antum, jagdhva_, prajagdhya, a_divas or jaks.ivas
an to breathe
as to be
a_s to sit, to be; deri. a_si_na, upa_sya
i to go; deri. ita, e_tum, itva_, upe_tya, yat, e_s.yat, i_yivaas
i with adhi to think of, to remember; deri. adhi_ta, adhye_tum
i with adhi to study
i_ to go, to pervade, to conceive, to desire, to throw, to eat; deri. i_ta, e_tum, ayat, aya_cakr.vas
i_d. to praise
i_r to go, to shake
i_s' to rule, to command, to possess powder
u_rn.u to cover
kas', kas to go, to punish
kam.s to go, to destroy
ku to hum
ks.u to sneeze
ks.n.u to whet
khya_ to relate, to tell
caka_s to shine, to be bright or prosperous
caks. to speak, to tell, to see; deri. khya_ta or ks'a_ta
jaks. to eat, to consume, to laugh
ja_gr. to be awake or watchful
tu to go, to grow, to kill; deri. tuta, to_tum
daridra_ to be poor; to be distressed
da_ to cut
diks. to increase; to anoint; smear; to soil; deri. digdha; dhe_ks.yat
didhi_ to shine; to appear
duh to milk; to extract; to yield; deri. dugdha, duhya or do_hya
dyu to assail, to advance towards; deri. dyuta, dyavya
dra_ to run, to fly, to be spoiled, to sleep; deri. dra_n.a, nidra_ya
dvis. to hate; to dislike
nij to wash
nim.s to kiss
nu to praise; deri. nuta, navya or na_vya, navitum, nutva_
pa_ to protect; to fgovern; to preserve
pij to tinge; to colour; to join; to divide; to speak inarticulately
pr.c to come in contact with; to touch
pr.j to dye
pra_ to fill
psa_ to devour; to eat
bru_ to speak; to say; to tell; deri. ukta, uktva_, vaktum
ma_ to shine; to appear; to be
ma_ to measure; to limit; deri. mita, ma_tavya, me_ya, ma_tum, unma_ya
mr.j to cleanse; to purify; to wipe off
ya_ to go; to attend to; to go or pass away; to attempt; to perceive
yu to mix; to join; to separate; deri. yuta, yavya, yutva_, yuyuvas
ra_ to give; to grant
ru to cry; to roar; to shout; to sound; deri. ruta, ravya
rud to shed tears; to cry; to weep; to lament
la_ to take; to give; to melt; deri. la_ta, la_syat, lalivas
lih to lick; to taste; deri. li_d.ha, le_d.havya, le_hya, le_d.hum, li_d.hva_
vac to speak; to read; to name; to call; to announce
vas' to wish; to long for; deri. us'ita
vas to wear, to dress; deri. vasita
va_ to go; to blow; to hurt; to injure; to kill; to move
vid to know; to learn; to find out; to consider (with sam. to recognize)
vi_ to go; to pervade; to be born; to be impregnate; to desire; to throw; to eat; to conceive
vr.j to avoid, to abandon
ve_vi_ (a Vedic root) to go, to pervade, to be born, to impregnate, to desire, to throw, to eat
s'a_s to teach, to inform, to rule, to command, to punish, to advise; deri. s'is.t.a, s'is.ya, s'a_sitva_
s'a_s to desire, to seek, to bless, to praise
s'ij to tinkle, to rattle, to whisper
s'i_ to sleep, to lie down; deri. s'ayita, s'e_ya
s'ra_ to cook, to boil; deri. s'ra_n.a, s'r.ta, s'ra_tum, s'as'rivas
s'vas to breath, to sigh, to hiss
sas (a Vedic root) to sleep
sam.st (a Vedic root) to sleep
su to bring forth, to possess supremacy, to permit
su_ to bring forth as a child; deri. su_ta, so_tavya or savitavya, savya or sa_vya, so_tum or savitum
stu to praise, to glorify, to worship by hymns
sna_ to bathe; deri. sna_ta; nis.n.a_ta (skilled in)
snu to ooze
svap to sleep, to lie down; deri. supta, sus.upta, vis.upta
han to kill, to go; deri. hata, hantavya, gha_tya or vadhya, ghat, ghna_nam, hanis.yat, jaghanvas
hnu to conceal, to take away, to deny
第三类动词
r. to go (with sam. to join)
ki (a Vedic root) to know; cike_ti
ga_ (a Vedic root) to praise, to be born; jagau, ga_syati
ghr. (a Vedic root) to sprinkle, to shine; jigharti; ghriya_sam
jan (a Vedic root) to be born; jajanti, jaati, janya_sam
tur (a Vedic root) to make haste
da_ to give
dhan (a Vedic root) to bear fruit, to produce crops of grain; dadha_na, dhanita_smi; dhanya_sam
dha_ to hold, to put, to maintain, to give, to grant, to bear, to assume, to have; deri. hita, dhe_ya, hitva_; dadha_na
dhis. (a Vedic root) to sound; didhe_s.a
nij to wash, to purify, to nourish; deri. nikta; nijya, ne_ktum, niktva_
pr. to protect, to fill, to promote, to deliver; deri. pr.a, pa_rya or pr.tya, partum, pr.tva_
pr._ to protect, to fill, to gratify (as hopes), to blow (as conch or flute); deri. pu_rn.a, pari(ri_)tum, pu_rtva_, prapu_rya, pupu_rvas or papruvas
bhas to censure, to blame, o shine
bhi_ to fear, to be afraid of, to be anxious about; deri. bhi_ta, bhe_tum
bhr. to bear, to support, to nourish, to protect, to produce, to bestow, to hire
ma_ to measure, to weigh, to limit, to compare in size
vij to separate, to divide, to distinguish, to discern; deri. vikta, ve_ktum
vis. to pervade; deri. vis.t.a, ve_s.t.um, vis.t.va_
sr. to go
ha_ to abandon, to leave, to desert, to omit, to neglect; deri. hi_na, ha_tum, hitva_
ha_ to go, to attain; deri. ha_na, he_ya, ha_tum, hiva_
ha_ to go, to aggain; deri. ha_na, he_ya, ha_tva_
hu to sacrifice, to eat, to please; deri. huta, hutva_, ho_tum
hr. (a Vedic root) to take forcibly
nhi_ to blush, to be ashamed; deri. hi_ta or hi_n.a, he_tum, hitva_
第四类动词
an. to breathe; deri. an.ita
an to breath
as to throw; deri. asta, asitum, asivas--a_sa_na
is. to go
i_ to go; deri. i_ta, e_tum, i_tva_
uc to be gathered together
r.dh to increase, to prosper; deri. r.ddha, ardhitva_, ardhitum
ka_s' to shine
kut. to break into pieces
kuth to become putrid
kup to be angry; deri. kupitva_, ko_pitva_
kus to embrace, to surround; deri. kusitva_, kusitum or ko_situm
kr.s' to make or become emaciated; deri. kr.sa, prakr.sita, karitum, kars'itva_ or kr.zs'itva_
knas to be crooked in mind or body, to shine; deri. knasta, knasitva_ or knastva_
krudh to be angry; deri. kruddha, kro_ddhum
klad to make defective
klam to be fatigued; deri. kla_nta, klamitum; klamitva_ or kla_ntva_
klid to become wet; deri. klinna; kle_tavyam or kle_ditavya
klis' to be afflicted; to torment; deri. klis'ita or klis.t.a
ks.am to endure; to forgive
ks.ip to throw
ks.iv to spit; deri. ks.yuta, ks.yu_tva_, ks.e_vitva_
ks.i_ to kill
ks.udh to be hungry; deri. ks.udhita, ks.o_ddhum
ks.ubh to be agitated, to shake; deri. ks.ubhita or ks.ubdha
ks.vid., ks.vid to melt, to discharge; deri. ks.vin.n.a or ks.ve_dita, ks.ve_ditum, ks.viditva_ or ks.ve_ditva_
khid to be distresed; deri. khinna, khe_ttum, khittva_
gudh to cover
gup to be confused or disturbed; deri. gupita, gupitva_ or go_pitva_
gur to kill, to go; deri. gu_rn.a, gu_ritum
gr.dh to covet, to long for; deri. gardhitum
ghu_r to kill, to become old
cu_r to burn
cho_ to cut, to mow; deri. cha_ta or chita, cha_tum, chitva_
jan to be born, to grow, to become; deri. ja_ta, janitum, janitva_
jas to set free; deri. jasta, jasitva_ or jastva_, jasitum
ju_r to kill, to grow old, to be angry
jr._ to grow old, to decay, to perish, to be digested; deri. ji_rn.a, jari(ri_)tavya, ja_rya, jarya, jari(ri_)tum, anurji_rya, ji_ryat, jiji_rvas
jhr._ to grow old
d.ip to throw
d.i_ to fly; deri. d.i_na, d.i_yama_na
tap to be powerful, to injure, to perform penance; deri. tapta, taptva_, taptum, te_pa_na
tam to desire, to be fatigued; deri. ta_nta, tamitva_ or tamitva_, tamitum
tas to fade away, to become exhausted; deri. tasta, tasitva_ or tastva_, tasitum
tim to be wet, to be moist; deri. timita, tmitva_ or te_mitva_, te_mitum
tubh to kill
tus. to be pleased or delighted; deri. tus.t.a, tus.t.va_, paritus.ya, to_s.tum
tur to be quickly, to make haste, to hurt or kill
tr.p to be satisfied or pleased, to please or satisfy; deri. tr.pta, tarpitva_, tr.ptva_, tarpitum, tarptum, trapum
tr.s. to be thirsty, to wish; deri. tr.s.ita, tars.itum, tr.s.itva_ or tars.itva_
tras to fear, to tremble; deri. trasta, trasitva_, trasitum
dam to be quiet, to restrain, to tame, to subdue; deri. damita, da_nta, damitva_, da_ntva_, damitum, damathuh
das to perish; deri. dasa, dasitva_, dastva_, dasitum
div to play with dice or gamble, to desire; to overcome, to traffic, to shine, to praise, to be glad, to be mad or drunk, to be sleepy, to wish for, to go; deri dyu_na or dyu_ta; de_vitum; de_vitva_ or dyu_tva_; di_vyat; de_vis.yat; didivas
di_ to perish, to decay; deri. di_na, da_tavya; da_tum; di_tva_; prada_ya, didi_ya_na
di_p to shine, to burn, to be illustrious; deri. di_pta, di_pitva_; di_pitum
dus. to be soiled, to be impure, to sin; deri. dus.t.a; do_s.tum; dus.t.va_
dr.p to be glad; to be proud; deri. dr.pta; darpitva_ or dr.ptva_; darpitum or darptum or draptum
do_ to cut, to mow
druh to bear hatred, to seek to hurt; deri. dugdha or dru_d.a, dro_gdhavya or
dro_d.havya or dro_hitavya, dro_gdhum or dro_d.hum or dro_hitum
dhi_ to support, to hold, to despise; deri. dhi_na, dhe_tum, dhi_tva_
dhu_r to kill, to go
nabh to kill
nas' to disappear, to perish, to run away, to be unsucessful; deri. nas.t.a, nas.t.um or nas'itum
nah to tie, to arm or to put on oneself; deri. naddha, naddhum, naddhva_
nr.t to dance, to jesticulate; deri. nr.tta, nr.tya or nartya, nartitum, nartitva_
pat to be master of, to rule, to possess, to be fit for
pad to go, to attain, to observe; deri. panna, pattva_, patnum, prapadya
pi_ to drink
puth to kill
pus. to nourish, to support, to develop, to increase, to possess; deri. pus.t.a, po_s.t.um, po_s.ya
pus.p to blow, to flower
pu_r to fill, to satisfy, to be full, to be satisfied; deri. pu_rn.a or pu_rta
pri_ to please, to be satisfied, to feel affection for
plus. to burn, to scorch; deri. plo_s.itva_ or plus.itva_
bas to stop
bis to throw, to instigate, to go, to split, to grow
budh to know, to understand, to awake, to be restored to one's senses; deri. buddha, bo_ddhum, buddhva_, prabudhya
bus to discharge, to emit
byus to divide
bhr.s' to fall down; deri. bhr.s.t.a, bhras'itva_ or bhr.s.t.va_, bhars'itum
bhram to be unsteady, to wander, to totter
bhram.s' to fall down, to decrease, to escape; deri. bhras'yat, bhras.t.a, bhram.s'itva_ or bhras.t.va_, bhram.s'itum
mad to rejoice, to be poor or distressed, to be intoxicated or mad; deri. matta, maditva_, maditum
man to think, to suppose, to regard as, to esteem, to honour, to know; deri. mata, mantum, matva_, ma_nya
mas to measure, to charge for; deri. masta, masitva_, masitum
ma_ to measure
mid to be greasy, to be soft, to melt
mi_ to die, to perish, to kill, to hurt; deri. mi_na, me_tum, mitva_
mus., mus to destroy, to break, to steal; deri. mo_s.ita
muh to loose sense, to faint, to be bewildered, to err, to be foolish; deri. mugdha or mu_d.ha; mo_hitavya or mo_gdhavya or mo_d.havya; mo_hitum or mo_gdhum or mo_d.hum; mo_hitva_ or mugdhva_ or mu_d.hva_
mr.g to seek, to hunt
mr.s. to bear, to endure, to suffer
yas to strive, to endeavour, to labour; deri. yasta, yasitum; yasitva_ or yastva_
yuj to meditate, to curb one's mind, to concentrate the mind; deri. yukta; yo_gya or yo_jya; yo_ktum; yuktva_
yudh to fight, to contend with; deri. yuddha; yo_ddhum; yuddhva_
yup to confuse; deri. yupta; yupitva_
raj to please; rajjati, rajye_yam
radh to kill, to injure, to cook, to finish; deri. raddha, radhitum or raddhum; radhitva_ or raddhva_
ra_dh to grow, to be ready, to be favourable, to look to the welfare of; deri. ra_ddha; ra_ddhum; ra_ddhva_
ris. to kill, to destroy
ri_ to ooze, to flow; deri. ri_n.a; re_tum; ri_tva_
rudh to desire, to love, to comply with, to obey; deri. ruddha; ro_ddhum
rup to violate, to confound, to disturb; deri. rupta, rupitva_ or ro_pitva_ or ruptva_
rus. to kill
lis' to decrease, to become small; le_s.t.a_he_, le_ks.yate_, aliks.ata
li_ to adhere to, to be absorbed, to be dissolved, to hide in, to rest on, to disappear; deri. li_na; le_tum or la_tum; li_tva_; vila_ya or vili_ya
lut. to churn, to agitate, to roll, to wallow, to be connected with
lup to be confused, to vanish
lubh to covet, to long for, to allure; deri. lubdha,lo_bhitum or lo_bdhum; lubdhva_ or lubhitva_ or lo_bhitva_
vas to fix, to be straight; deri. vasta, vasitva_ or vastva_; vasitum
va_vr.t to choose; deri. va_vr.tta, va_vartitva_ or va_vr.ttva_, va_vartitum
va_s' to howl, to growl, to roar
vid to be, to exist; deri. vinna, vittva_, ve_ttum
vis to send
vus to divide
vr.t to choose, to like
vr.s' to choose, to like
vyadh to strike, to hurt, to stab, to pierce; deri. viddha, vidhdva_
vyus. to divide, to burn (in the last sense avyo_s.i_t)
vri_ to choose
vri_d. to throw, to be ashamed
s'ak to endure, to be able; deri. s'akita or s'akta, s'akitum or s'aktum, s'e_kivas-s'e_ka_na
s'ap to curse, to swear
s'am to be calm; deri. s'a_nta, s'amya or s'a_mya, s'a_ntva_ or s'amitva_, s'amitum
s'uc to be wet, to be clean; deri. s'akta, s'ucitva_ or s'o_citva_, s'o_citum
s'udh to become pure, to be made clear; deri. s'uddha
s'us. to become dry, to be withered; deri s'us.ka, s'o_s.t.um, s'us.t.va_
s'u_r to strike, to be firm
s'o_ to whet, to make thin; deri. s'ita or s'a_ta, s'am.sita (well finished), s'a_tum, s'a_tva_ or s'itva_
s'ram to perform acts of penance, to be fatigued; deri. s'ra_nta, s'ramitva_ or s'ra_ntva_, s'ramitum
s'li_s. to embrace, to adhere to, to unite
s.t.hiv o spit
sam to change form
sah to satisfy, to be plesed; sahita, sahitum, sahitva_
sidh to be accomplished, to succeed, to be thoroughly prepared; deri. siddha, se_ddhum, sidhdva_
siv to sew, to sow (as seed); deri. syu_ta, se_vitva_ or syu_tva_, se_vitum
suh to be satisfied
su_ to bring forth as a child
sr.j to be abandoned, to drop; deri. sr.s.t.a, sras.t.um, sr.s.t.va
so_ to put an end to, to kill, to finish; deri. sita, sa_tum, sitva_
stim, sti_m to become wet, to moist
stu_p to pile, to collect, to erect
snas to reject, to eject; deri. snasta, snasitva_ or snastva_, snasitum
snih to feel affection for, to love, to be kind to; deri. snigdha or sni_d.ha, snihitva_ or sne_hitva_ or snigdhva_ or sni_d.hva_, sne_hitum, sne_d.hum or sne_gdhum
snus to eat, to take, to disappear; deri. snusta, snusitva_ or snustva_, sno_situm
snuh to vomit
sniv to go, to dry; deri. snyu_ta, sne_vitva_ or snivitva_ or snyu_tva_, sne_vitum
svid to perspire; deri. svinna, svittva_, sve_ttum
hr.s. to rejoice, to exult, to stand erect as hair; deri. hr.s.t.a or hr.s.ita, hars.itum, hars.itva_
第五类动词
as' to pervade, to heap, to obtain, to go to; deri. as.t.a, as'itum or as.t.um
ah to pervade
a_p to pervade, to obtain, to occupy, to reach; deri. a_pta, a_ptum, a_ptva_
r. (a Vedic root) to kill
r.ks.i (a Vedic root) to kill
r._dh to increase, to prosper, to please
ks.i (a Vedic root) to kill
kr. to kill; deri. kr.ta, kartum, kr.tva_
cam (a Vedic root) to eat; camno_ti
ci to collect, to cover; deri. cita, ce_ttum, citva_
ciri, jiri (Vedic roots) to kill
tik, tig to assail, to go, to seek, to injure or kill, to challenge
tigh to kill, to challenge
tr.p to please or to be pleased
dagh to destroy, to protect
dambh to deceive, to injure; deri. dabdha, dambhitum, dabdhva_ or dambhitva_
da_s' (a Vedic root) to kill
du to give pain, to burn, to be distressed; deri. duta, do_tum, dutva_
dr. (a Vedic root) to kill
dhu to shake; to tremble
dhu_ to shake, to excite; deri. dhu_ta, dho_tum; dhavitum; dhu_tva_
dhr.s. to be bold, confident, impudent or impatient; to challenge; deri. dhars.ita or dhr.s.t.a, dhars.itum-dhars.itva_
pr. to please; pr.n.o_ti
mi to throw, to scatter; deri. mita, mitva_, ma_tum, mitrima (mayane_nanivr.ttam)
ra_dh to accomplish; to kill; to propitiate; ra_dhno_ti
ri to kill; rin.o_ti
vr. to choose; to solicit; to cover; to surround; to restrain; deri. vr.ta, vari(ri_)tum, vr.tva_
s'ak to be able; to be powerful; to bear; deri. s'akta, s'aktum, s'aktva_
s'i to whet; to excite
sagh to kill
sa_dh to accomplish
si to tie
su to cause to bathe: to churn; to pour out; to bathe; to press out juice; to distil
sthigh to ascend; to assail
stu to cover
spr. (a Vedic root) to gratify, to defend, to shake
smr. (a Vedic root) to remember; to recollect
hi to go; to grow