|
奥塞梯语是俄罗斯北奥塞梯-阿兰共和国（曾经轰动世界的“别斯兰人质事件”的发生地）和格鲁吉亚南奥塞梯自治州的主要语言之一。大约有50万人使用。奥塞梯语有两种主要方言伊隆方言(Iron)和迪戈尔方言(Digor)，书面语基于伊隆方言。
奥塞梯语是伊朗语支东北次支唯一的幸存者。我觉得它有几个特点者的关注。 1．一些基本词汇和伊朗语支的其他语言完全不同（可能借自周围的高加索语言） 奥塞梯语 波斯语（转写） 汉语 уæлдæф havā 空气 хуыцау hodā 神 æхца pūl 钱 къах pā 腿 дамгъæ harf 字母 алтъами shaftālū 桃子 2．由于被高加索语言包围，奥塞梯语有其他伊朗语族语言甚至大部分印欧语所没有“声门闭音”，而这些音存在于所有高加索语言中。例词中的къ，гъ，тъ就是声门闭音。 3．印欧语中有格，有的语言也有7、8 个格。奥塞梯语也有格，有九个。但令人费解的是，除了常见的主格、属格和与格之外，还有五个表示方位、比较等意义的格。比如：向格allative，内格inessive，所格adessive，共格/伴随格comitative等。这些在乌拉尔语系常见的格，怎么在印欧语中出现了？ 附：奥塞梯语名词变格表： 单 复 主格сæр* сæртæ 属格сæры сæрты 与格сæрæн сæртæн 向格сæрмæ сæртæм 夺格сæрæй сæртæй 内格сæры сæрты 所格сæрыл сæртыл 等同格сæрау сæртау 伴随格сæримæ сæртимæ *сæр是头的意思。 |
|
最新喜欢： 跨境电商运营...
|
|
板凳#
发布于：2008-08-28 19:50
回复 1楼 sugarcane 的帖子
有意思~~ 我也去找点东西来 呵呵 |
|
|
地板#
发布于：2008-08-29 08:32
支持~~紧跟时事啊
|
|
|
|
4#
发布于：2008-08-29 15:07
Ossetic belongs to the Northern subgroup of the Eastern-Iranian group of the Indo-European family of languages. Thus, it is genetically related to the other Eastern-Iranian languages, e.g. Pashto and Yaghnobi.
From deep Antiquity (since the 7th-8th centuries B.C.), the languages of the Iranian group were distributed in a vast territory including present-day Iran (Persia), Central Asia, and Southern Russia. Ossetic is the sole survivor of the northeastern branch of Iranian languages known as Scythian. The Scythian group included numerous tribes, known in ancient sources as the Scythians, Massagetae, Saka, Sarmatians, Alans and Roxolans. The more easterly Khorezmians and the Sogdians were also closely affiliated, in linguistic terms. Ossetian, together with Kurdish, Tati and Talyshi, is one of the main Iranian languages with a sizeable community of speakers in the Caucasus. It is descended from Alanic, the language of the Alans, medieval tribes emerging from the earlier Sarmatians. It is believed to be the only surviving descendant of a Sarmatian language. The closest genetically related language is the Yaghnobi language of Tajikistan, the only other living member of the Northeastern Iranian branch. Ossetic has a plural formed by the suffix -ta, a feature it shares with Yaghnobi, Sarmatian and the now-extinct Sogdian; this is taken as evidence of a formerly wide-ranging Iranian-language dialect continuum on the Central Asian steppe. The Greek-derived names of ancient Iranian tribes in fact reflect this pluralization, e.g. Saromatae (Σαρομάται) and Masagetae (Μασαγέται). There are two important dialects: Iron and Digor—the former being the more widely spoken. Written Ossetian may be immediately recognized by its use of the æ, a letter to be found in no other language using the Cyrillic alphabet. A third dialect of Ossetic, Jassic, was formerly spoken in Hungary. The overwhelming majority of Ossetes speak the Iron dialect, and the literary language is based on it. The creator of the Ossetic literary language is the national poet Kosta Xetagurov (1859-1906). Writing system  
The first page of the first issue of the Ossetic newspaper "Ræstdzinad". Sjögren's Cyrillic alphabet. 1923 Prior to the Russian conquest, Ossetic was reportedly an unwrittenlanguage. After the Russian conquest Ossetians used Cyrillic script:the first Ossetic book being published in Cyrillic letters in 1798. Atthe same time Georgian scriptwas used in some regions to the south of Caucasian mountains: in 1820I.Yalguzidze published an alphabetic primer, modifying Georgianalphabet with 3 special characters. That Georgian-based script was inuse in the territory of South Ossetia (Georgian autonomy) in 1937–1954. The modern Cyrillic alphabet was created by a Russian scientist of Finnish origin Andreas Sjögren in 1844: there were separate letters for each sound in that alphabet (much like in the modern Abkhaz alphabet). After a brief experiment with the Latin alphabet, Soviet authorities returned to the Cyrillic alphabet, with digraphs introduced to replace most diacritics. The modern Cyrillic alphabet, used since 1937, with values for the Iron dialect in the IPA. Letters in parentheses are only needed for Russian loans:
In addition, the letters Ё, Ж, Ш, Щ, Ъ, Ь, Э, Ю, Я are used totranscribe Russian words. An alternate alphabet used for a time innewspapers reduced most of the digraphs to ligatures, and had separate letters у and ў for the sounds and [w].The Latin alphabet (used 1923-1937):
[ 本帖最后由 hongwei0315 于 2008-8-29 15:09 编辑 ] |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
5#
发布于：2008-08-29 15:11
回复 1楼 sugarcane 的帖子
具体的还不是非常了解 不过波斯语的“空气”“字母”两个词 应该是借自阿拉伯语的 代表性不是很强 其他的还好~ |
|
对那片儿不感兴趣 
|
8#
发布于：2010-05-19 12:57
奥塞梯语用的是增补的斯拉夫字母，几个多出来的字母跟国际音标中的发音差不多，还有一些各斯拉夫语国家通用的字母
|
|
|
10#
发布于：2014-05-26 10:22
用户被禁言,该主题自动屏蔽! |
|
|
11#
发布于：2014-10-27 21:00
这篇文章很让我长见识。一直以为奥塞梯语也是突厥语，原来属于伊朗语支
|
|
